Recieved:

06/07/2025

Accepted:

16/10/2025

Page: 

doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.17515/resm2025-1008ma0706rs

Views:

27

Mix screening study of laterite soil stabilization using one-part geopolymer binders for earth blocks

Merin Mathew1, Praveen Nagarajan1, Robin Davis P1, Susanta Banerjee2, Sudha Das1

1Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India
2Department of Architecture and Planning, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India

Abstract

This study explores the incorporation of one-part geopolymer systems in Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks, utilizing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as a binder. With the decline of traditional earth-based construction methods in industrialized nations due to the rise of modern materials, there is a growing need to modernize these sustainable practices through scientific innovation, technological advancement, and supportive policies. CSEBs present an energy-efficient alternative for structural masonry. In this study, laterite soil from Kerala was characterized through tests for specific gravity, particle size distribution and Atterberg limits, followed by compaction tests to determine the optimal moisture content for maximum dry density. The experimental work was conducted by evaluating the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of unstabilized soil at different curing periods; stabilizing the soil with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) at 6%, 8%, and 10% and determining the UCS; and stabilizing with one-part geopolymer using varying alkaline activator concentrations, maintaining the activator-to-GGBFS ratio between 0.4 and 0.5. Here, UCS samples stabilized with one-part geopolymer mix N2.5G0.5 achieved 0.69 MPa for 28 days curing is much greater than unstabilised soil samples and samples stabilized with 6%, 8% and 10% cement. A detailed cost analysis of 1m3 sample and CO2 emission of soil samples were also estimated. Additionally, microstructural analysis such as X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were employed to assess the microstructural and mineralogical changes in the stabilized samples.

Keywords

Compressed stabilized Earth blocks; Microstructural analysis; One-part geopolymer; Statistical analysis; Unconfined compressive strength

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