This study presents a simulation-based assessment of indoor air quality (IAQ) in residential buildings using bamboo-based construction materials, with a focus on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Nine case studies were modeled using CONTAM software, examining variations in material selection, adhesive type, ventilation rate, and indoor temperature. The baseline case, using oriented strand board (OSB) and cork flooring, produced peak total VOC (TVOC) levels of 3.775 mg/m³ and formaldehyde concentrations up to 1.25 mg/m³, exceeding recommended thresholds despite sufficient ventilation. Replacing OSB and cork with laminated bamboo panels and flooring bonded with soy-based adhesives resulted in a 70–80% reduction in VOC emissions, with TVOC levels dropping to 0.88 mg/m³ and formaldehyde concentrations below 0.3 mg/m³. In contrast, bamboo bonded with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives showed moderate improvements, with TVOC at 1.02 mg/m³. Elevated indoor temperatures increased VOC levels by over 30%, while enhanced ventilation reduced them by 25–35%. Results from a mass balance analytical model aligned with simulation trends, supporting model validity. The findings demonstrate that combining low-emission bamboo materials with optimized ventilation offers a viable strategy for achieving healthier indoor environments, supporting sustainable and occupant-focused residential design.
