This study explores the use of plant fibers as reinforcement in cementitious composites, with a focus on their potential to enhance concrete performance and the complex interactions between fibers and the cement matrix. Particular attention is given to the chemical and physical reactions that influence material durability and performance. The paper further reviews various approaches to improve fiber-cement interactions and the durability of cementitious composites. Including matrix modification through pozzolan additions and carbonation, as well as fiber-specific treatments, such as physical and chemical modifications or optimized production processes, all these approaches aim to enhance the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete. Additionally, a life cycle assessment case study was conducted, comparing the production of polypropylene fibers and date palm fibers, as well as the environmental performance of two types of concrete reinforced with these fibers. The results reveal that date palm fibers offer significant environmental advantages over polypropylene fibers. The production process of date palm fibers can reduce CO₂-equivalent emissions by up to 57% compared to the same quantity of polypropylene fibers, while concrete reinforced with date palm fibers achieves a 2.36% reduction in global warming potential compared to concrete reinforced with polypropylene fibers.
