Flexural behavior of the reinforced t-beam containing hybrid recycled-aggregate self-compacting concrete

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) flows under its weight and resists segregation, distinguishing it from conventional concrete. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) offers a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates, reducing resource depletion and enhancing environmental properties. This study experimentally investigates the flexural behavior of nine T-beams composed of hybrid SCC with varying reinforcement ratios (ρ1= 0.45%, ρ2= 1.05%, ρ3= 1.85%) and different RCA proportions (0%, 50%, 100%) in the web zone. At the same time, the flange was cast using only SCC. Four-point load tests were conducted to assess the impact of RCA replacement and reinforcement on the beams’ performance. Results indicate that RCA replacement reduces the drop in loading capacity with increased reinforcement, improving both stiffness and bearing capacity. Additionally, higher RCA content shifted the failure mode from flexural to shear, particularly in beams with higher reinforcement ratios, demonstrating RCA use’s economic and environmental benefits.