Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of pressed blocks and Caramelo blocks used in infill masonry for framed structures

In framed buildings in Ecuador, concrete block masonry is an essential infill component. The coexistence of artisanal units (“caramelo block”) and industrial units (pressed blocks) generates uncertainty about their technical performance and economic impact, as material selection is often based solely on unit price, disregarding construction efficiency. This study compared the physical–mechanical properties and cost–benefit of both block types manufactured in Latacunga, in Ecuador’s central highlands. A total of 300 units were characterized through water absorption and compressive strength tests following NTE INEN 3066 and 3153. Masonry panels of 2 m² were built to quantify material consumption and labor productivity during masonry and plastering stages. Results showed that pressed blocks exhibited 109 % higher compressive strength (2.39 MPa versus 1.14 MPa) and 22 % lower water absorption. Neither block type met the standard’s minimum compressive strength of 3.5 MPa. Despite their higher unit cost, pressed blocks proved 9.7 % more economical in masonry and 21.3 % in plastering per square meter. It is concluded that pressed blocks provide superior cost–benefit performance, challenging the perceived savings of artisanal blocks. These findings offer a quantitative basis for decision-making and emphasize the need for stricter quality control to ensure safer, more efficient construction.