Recieved:

20/05/2025

Accepted:

26/07/2025

Page: 

doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.17515/resm2025-912ma0520rs

Views:

10

Development of sustainable high performance self-compacting concrete incorporating natural and waste pozzolanic materials

Ruwaida Kareem Khoman 1, Haider M. Owaid1

1Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq

Abstract

High-Performance Concrete (HPC) satisfies specific requirements (such as high strength and permeability, enhanced durability, and low shrinkage) and uniformity standards that exceed those of conventional concrete. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is placed by its weight, as it is sufficiently flowable to navigate through densely reinforced areas and prevent aggregate segregation. To minimize cement usage and the associated CO2 emissions from its production, two blending systems were developed: binary and ternary, including (OPC+CKC, OPC+WMP, OPC+GGBS, OPC+CKC+WMP, and OPC+CKC+GGBS). This study examined and compared the fresh-state properties (slump flow (D (mm), L-box, and segregation resistance tests), mechanical-state properties (unit weight and compressive strength), microstructural characteristics (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)) and durability properties (water absorption and chloride and sulfate resistance) of high-performance self-consolidating concrete (HPSCC) against a reference mix (M0). All HPSCC mixes satisfied EFNARC criteria, with no bleeding or segregation. The optimal ternary mix (70% OPC, 10% CKC, 20% GGBS) achieved a compressive strength of 85.2 MPa at 90 days, lowest water absorption (2.74%), and significant improvement (25.24% and 25.94%) in durability (weight loss) under chloride and sulfate exposure, respectively. SEM analysis confirmed enhanced microstructural density and reduced calcium hydroxide formation. These results highlight the potential of CKC, WMP, and GGBS as effective supplementary materials for producing eco-efficient, durable high-performance self-compacting concrete.

Keywords

Calcined kaolin clay; Waste marble powder; Sustainable high-performance self-compacting concrete; Natural pozzolanic; Waste pozzolanic; Ground granulated blast furnace slag

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