An empirical in-depth review of Skyhook, Groundhook, and Model Predictive control methods for semi-active mono suspension systems in two wheelers

The need for comfort, safety, and ease of use for two-wheelers has highlighted the need for considerable advances in suspension systems. This review addresses the domain of semi-active mono-suspensions, which may change in response to road conditions the road conditions and attempt to find a compromise between the comfort of the ride and the stability of the vehicle. Unlike the majority of reviews, which deal with the passive and fully active systems of vehicles, this review considers the confined dynamics of two-wheelers, mainly space and weight. The review addresses control techniques based on Skyhook and Groundhook systems, the Hybrid Sky-Ground approach, and Model Predictive Control (MPC). Skyhook and Groundhook systems focus on ride comfort and handling, respectively, while the Hybrid approach and MPC deal with comfort and handling, and predict disturbances under varying conditions. Semi-active systems are advantageous due to better absorption of shocks, versatility, and lower energy consumption compared to fully active systems. This review aims to highlight the gaps in existing studies and suggest initiatives to optimize semi-active suspension systems, improving the performance of two-wheelers in real-world situations.