Recieved:

06/05/2026

Accepted:

03/08/2026

Page: 

doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.17515/resm2026-1655st0605rs

Views:

7

Modified strut-and-tie model for predicting shear capacity of continuous deep beams

Ali Mustafa Jalil1, Raad Dheyab Khalaf2, Khattab Saleem Abdul-Razzaq1

1Department of Civil Engineering, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq
2Department of Reconstruction and Projects, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq

Abstract

This study aims to establish a Strut-and-Tie model (STM) for calculating the shear strength of continuous deep reinforced concrete beams and is compared with the STM of the ACI 318-25 code. To achieve this, quantitative adjustment coefficients representing the influence of the most important structural factors were introduced. The proposed model is based on differentiating between the effectiveness of internal and external struts, considering the concrete compressive strength, shear span-to-depth ratio, and horizontal and vertical reinforcement ratios. To assess the model’s accuracy, a database of 60 continuous deep beams, compiled from previous research, was created. The experimental to theoretical load ratios ranged from 0.86 to 1.22, with the exception of four specimens, which reached values of 1.28 and 1.36, while two others reached 1.40. The statistical results showed that the proposed model achieved a mean value, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination of 1.06, 0.13, 0.12, 100.49 kN, and 0.91, respectively. In comparison, the ACI 318-25 Strut-and-Tie Model recorded corresponding values of 1.23, 0.20, 0.17, 237.33 kN, and 0.49. These results indicate that the proposed model provides closer agreement with the experimental data, with lower scatter and smaller prediction errors than the ACI 318-25 model. However, the coefficient of determination of the ACI 318-25 STM was lower, with an R² value of 0.49 compared with 0.91 for the proposed model. This indicates that the proposed model provides better agreement with the experimental results, lower scatter, and improved prediction accuracy.

Keywords

Continuous deep beams; Strut and Tie Model; Struts; Ties; Nodes

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