Stabilization of excavation using the diaphragm wall method in Karbala

Construction of historical and religious projects around the world is often highly sensitive, particularly when they involve sites of great spiritual significance. The Shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) in Karbala is a prime example as one of the most important centers for Muslims. Due to its religious importance, any development plan for this site requires exceptional care and precision. This article examines the excavation stabilization method used in the shrine’s development project. After evaluating various techniques, the diaphragm wall method was chosen and implemented to stabilize the excavation pit. PLAXIS 2D and SAP200 software are used for modeling, it was demonstrated that this method effectively controls pit crown deformations, keeping them within an acceptable limit of 4 cm. Additionally, the diaphragm wall provides excellent water sealing, preventing seepage from behind the pit making it a highly reliable and advantageous solution.