Effective strengthening and repair techniques are required to extend the service life of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs affected by ageing, increased loads, and flexural deficiencies. Among modern solutions, fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems have shown effectiveness. Nevertheless, the experimental knowledge regarding the effectiveness of partial FRCM configurations on two-way RC slabs in terms of load distribution, stiffness and the ability to control crack propagation is still limited. The objective of this study is to experimentally assess the structural behavior of two-way RC slabs reinforced and repaired with different carbon-based FRCM partial layouts. A flexural loading experimental program was performed on four control and retrofitted slabs with various FRCM layouts in the tension zones. The outcomes showed that the FRCM could be applied both in strengthening and repair, which can significantly enhance load capacity, stiffness, cracking behavior and service performance compared to the control slab. FRCM layers are more efficient when directly applied over the maximum moment zone of the slabs. Consequently, this results in higher failure loads, increased stiffness and improved crack control. In general, the results demonstrate that partial application of carbon-based FRCM can be an effective and reliable solution for strengthening two-way RC slabs in the flexure zone.